Thermodynamics explores the fundamental principles governing heat, work, and energy transformations. A crucial concept within this field is reversible temperature, which describes a thermodynamic process that can be traced back without any cumulative change in the system or its surroundings. This idealized scenario plays a important role in underst… Read More

Magnetic separation employs a powerful and versatile technique for the isolation of biomolecules. This process relies on the properties of magnetic nanoparticles attached to target biomolecules, allowing their selective retrieval from complex mixtures. By applying an external magnetic read more field, the labeled biomolecules aggregate near the ma… Read More